2011-2012 Members, Visitors and Research Assistant

Mustafa Aksakal

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: Georgetown University
Research Field: Ottoman and Turkish History
Project Title: Ottoman Society at War, 1914-1918
Research Abstract: Famine, disease, horrific bloodletting and genocide swept across the Middle East like a tidal wave during the years of the First World War. Suffering among the civilian population exceeded that of any other belligerent. The experience of little Mehmet, the common soldier, has never been told, yet with a loss rate almost double that of Germany’s, only Serbia’s army experienced proportionately greater casualties. No single book takes a holistic approach to the Ottoman experience in the First World War. No book ties together operational history with the empire’s national mobilization and its dramatic developments, socially, politically, and demographically, from the Balkans to Libya, the Caucasus to the Persian Gulf. My title, Ottoman Society atWar, attempts to capture the fact that, simultaneous with the slaughter on three fronts, the components of Ottoman society were at war with each other. My current book project explores the totality of war in the Eastern Mediterranean for 1914-1918.

Office: W102 Extension: 8354 Email: ma@ias.edu

Anna Anguissola

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Research Field: Classical Art and Archaeology
Project Title: Speaking of Masterpieces: The Language of Imitation in Greek and Roman Art
Research Abstract: I am currently working on a monograph on the issues of imitation and copying in Greek and Roman visual culture. Exploring which works of art were replicated in a given period, why and how, allows a privileged insight into the dynamics of reception. In other terms, it throws light on the range of causes that generated interest in specific works of art and in the retention of their artistic and idealizing features through copying. I aim at exploring such a broad issue from a new methodological approach, adopting a point of view that has very seldom been taken into consideration by scholarly publications: the language and terminology adopted by ancient literary sources in describing both works of art and the technical devices for copying them. I think that this perspective, within a wider context, could provide a deep and innovative insight into the problem, throwing light on some key-points for the dynamics of artistic practice in the Graeco-Roman world: reception of forms and iconographies, circulation of models, the building of fame, the understanding of a dichotomy between original and copy. Language, in this sense, can work as a mirror of those cultural attitudes that determined replication of statues, paintings and other works of art, showing which ideas, concepts and expectations were attached to each of them as a consequence of its status.

Office: F312 Extension: 8339 Email: aanguissola@ias.edu

Jérémie Barthas

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Johannesburg
Research Field: History and History of Political Thought
Project Title: Liberality and public debt. Machiavelli's criticism of the catholic anthropology of the Ancien régime economy
Research Abstract: This project concerns the relationship in early modern Europe between “liberality” (the moral obligation to give) and public finance. It begins by focusing on Machiavelli”s Prince, chapter 16 (On Liberality and Parsimony), its historical background, theoretical meaning, and influence in both theory and practice. With a full year fellowship at The School of Historical Studies, I would devote the first semester to a re-reading of Machiavelli”s chapter on liberality against the background of Florence”s financial culture, focusing in particular on the laws regulating Florentine public finance. Special attention will be given to the use of the concept of “liberality” to describe the interest paid to citizens who lent sums of money to the republic in order to understand more precisely the nature and meaning of Machiavelli”s critique of liberality, especially when he says that, in order to be “liberal,” a prince needs to be “fiscale” and heavily tax the people. I will also try to measure the extent to which this usage informed other cultural products of the time: for instance, the statements of professional lawyers and political and moral treatises. The second semester would be devoted to revolutionary France as a “Machiavellian moment,” focusing on the debate on “liberality” as related to the abolition des privilèges.

Office: W203 Extension: 8321 Email: jbarthas@ias.edu

Emmanuel Bermon

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: Université Michel de Montaigne-Bourdeaux 3
Research Field: Ancient Philosophy
Project Title: Questions on the World, the Soul and God: the Correspondence between Augustine and Nebridius
Research Abstract: The correspondence between Augustine and Nebridius casts light upon Augustine's intellectual preoccupations from Cassiciacum to Thagaste (387-391) and reveals a considerable effervescence linked to the discovery of Neoplatonism. The themes touched upon are mainly Platonic: the finitude of the world and the immortality of the soul, the distinction between sensible and intelligible natures, imagination and recollection, heavenly inspired dreams, assimilation to God, the “vehicle” of the soul, the question of knowing if forms of individuals exist. In addition to these philosophical questions, some major theological issues are discussed. In spite of its great interest, this correspondence has never been studied for its own sake. The commentary I hope to realize will focus on the young Augustine's philosophical knowledge and practice. It will include a philological study, which should allow us to redefine the chronological order of these letters, which has remained unchanged since the 17th century Maurists' edition.

Office: W219 Extension: 8359 Email: ebermon@ias.edu

Peter Brooks

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: Princeton University
Research Field: Comparative Literature
Project Title: Flaubert in the Ruins of Paris.
Research Abstract: June, 1871: Gustave Flaubert visited the ruins of central Paris, set on fire by the radicals of the Paris Commune as a last desperate measure, just before their bloody defeat by French government troops who invaded the city from Versailles—in what became known as la semaine sanglante, the bloody week, the worst class warfare France has ever known. Sitting amidst the ruins, Flaubert remarked to his friend Maxime du Camp: “If only they had read my Sentimental Education, this never could have happened.” The remark offers an interesting perspective for reading Sentimental Education, particularly its portrayal of an earlier revolution, 1848, as a lesson in passivity, the need to understand the futility of political action. As Karl Marx was analyzing the French uprisings of 1848 and 1871 as lessons for future political activity, Flaubert was demonstrating their anti-lessons, so to speak.

Beyond the question of Sentimental Education (which he saw as the history of his generation), Flaubert’s reaction to the Commune provides the starting point for a reflection on the relation of novel and history, art and history, the representation of history, the relation of thought to action, and what Flaubert calls “the cut-rate sublime.” A reflection on these issues will be pursued not only in literary but as well visual representations: especially, the remarkable photographs taken of the ruins of Paris—which became something of a tourist attraction—and the design of the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur, the church built in “expiation” of the Commune whose bizarre silhouette still dominates Paris today.

Office: B202 Extension: 8302 Email: brooksp@ias.edu

Annemarrie Carr

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Southern Methodist University
Research Field: Art History
Project Title: Pursuing the Life of an Icon: The Mother of God of Kykkos Monastery, Cyprus
Research Abstract: The propensity to regard the Orthodox holy image as changeless has flattened perception of its vitality in Byzantium, frozen the conception of the religious experience it elicited into an abstraction rooted largely in post-Reformation sensibility, and fabricated a fantasy of the post-Byzantine icon to refute Walter Benjamin´s contention that replication abrades aura. I hope to challenge the icon´s changelessness in my current book, which traces, in the shifting forms of its myriad replicas, the ways in which one great Byzantine holy image ceaselessly renegotiated its visual and charismatic cogency over seven centuries from about 1300 to the present. The climactic and most complex phase is in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the icon´s pan-Orthodox dissemination coincided with the adoption of print media, orchestrated promotional campaigns, European styles and attitudes to artistic individuality, and post-Reformation patterns of internalized piety. I seek funding to do further research on and write these chapters in a setting with ample library resources on modern Greek culture.

Office: F302 Extension: 8158 Email: awcarr@ias.edu

Huaiyu Chen

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Arizona State University
Research Field: East Asian Studies
Project Title: Buddhism and Christianity along the Silk Road
Research Abstract: In examining manuscripts, paintings and archaeological findings from China and Central Asia, this study offers a comprehensive and detailed account about the interaction between Buddhism and Nestorian Christianity as two crucial Indo-Iranian religious traditions in medieval China and Central Asia. This study attempts to cast new light on the religious diversity and the cross-cultural activities along the Silk Road around the rise of Islam This study will enhance our understanding of the religious context in medieval Asia.

Office: W106 Extension: 8355 Email: huaiyuc@ias.edu

Jeremy Cohen

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Tel Aviv University
Research Field: Medieval/Early Modern Jewish History
Project Title: Solomon ibn Verga's Shevet Yehudah: History, Historiography, and Public Policy on the Eve of Modernity
Research Abstract: A study of Solomon ibn Verga's “Shevet Yehudah” ( “The Rod of Judah,” ca. 1520) – an anthology of tales of the Jewish past by a Jew expelled from Spain, forcibly baptized in Portugal, then driven to wander in Northern Europe, perhaps en route to Turkey. Ibn Verga's Europe - marked by the decline of a virtually totalitarian ecclesiastical establishment, the emergence of national states, and the reconstitution of religious, ethnic, and national identities – bore a striking similarity to today's. This project will investigate how he engaged history in conversation (as it were) to chart new paradigms and directions for European society and politics, and to carve a niche for his Sephardic Jewish diaspora in a traditionally, and increasingly, hostile Christian world.

Office: W210 Extension: 8282 Email: jecohen@ias.edu

James Delbourgo

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: Rutgers University
Research Field: History of Science and Atlantic History
Project Title: Empire of Curiosities
Research Abstract: Integrating early modern histories of science, empire, and collecting, Empire of Curiosities explores the overlooked yet pivotal career of Hans Sloane (1660-1753) as a collector in colonial Jamaica, and then as the hub of a global network of specimen and curiosity gathering that produced the founding collection of the British Museum (1753). The project has three principal aims. It aims to reconstruct the collecting practices of early modern natural history through combining archival research with work in large and well-documented museum collections of extant period specimens and objects. Second, it explores how Sloane’s Caribbean natural history related to his subsequent career as the leading individual collector of the eighteenth century, whose rarities were supplied by a global network of travelers and merchants around Britain’s expanding empire between the Glorious Revolution and the Seven Years’ War. Third, it uses Sloane’s career helps us to understand what I call the slave trade knowledge complex – the varieties of knowledge about the natural world made through interactions with West-Africans in diaspora (both enslaved and free), driven by the Atlantic slave trade. I conclude by going on to show how abolitionists later copied Sloane’s strategies of collection and display, and sought to turn natural history’s specimens and artifacts into triggers of moral sympathy and action, to dismantle the complex on which his career had been based.

Office: W102 Extension: 8354 Email: jdd17@ias.edu

Lola Dodkhudoeva

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan
Research Field: Central Asian History
Project Title: 'Zafar-nama' of Badr ad-Din Kashmiri as a source on Central Asia of the XVI century
Research Abstract: The purpose of this project is to conduct an in-depth study of the text of Zafarnama, a unique medieval source practically unknown for world scholarship, with the goal to present a base for further publication. Even a cursory glance reveals wealth of valuable information on various topics concerned with political, social, economic, religious and ethical aspects of Central Asian development at the close of the XVI century. For objective reasons these issues at large have been neglected. The aim is to prepare ideally a facsimile publication following by an introductory chapter with a serious analysis of the available data, and relevant indices.

Office: B200 Extension: 8361 Email: loladod@ias.edu

John Franklin

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: University of Vermont
Research Field: Classics
Project Title: Kinyras: The Divine Lyre
Research Abstract: Kinyras, featuring already in Homer as a contemporary and peer of Agamemnon, was the culture-hero of early Cyprus: splendid, legendary king; beautiful priest and lover of Aphrodite; father by Myrrha, his own daughter, of Adonis; musical beloved, rival or son of Apollo; eponymous ancestor of the Kinyradai, priest-kings of Paphos, and founder of Aphrodite’s great temple in which he was believed to be buried. This is his composite mythological profile in Greco-Roman sources. Yet a remarkable older stratum was uncovered with the demonstration in 1968 that a deified kinnaru-lyre was worshipped at Ugarit. Kinyras suddenly offers to emerge from the shadowy world of myth into the relatively clear and contemporary light of Bronze Age palace records. The job at hand is to harmonize his mythological function as a royal symbol of pre-Greek Cyprus—now securely identified with Alashiya, known from Egyptian and Ugaritic records—with what is known of ritual music and deified lyres in the Bronze Age palaces of the Ancient Near East. The two groups of evidence are mutually illuminating, and important aspects of royal ideology and cultic practice can be recovered. I propose to finish a book on this topic.

Office: W224 Extension: 8363 Email: jfranklin@ias.edu

Robert Geraci

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Virginia
Research Field: History of Russia
Project Title: Imperial Bazaar: Ethnicity, Nationality and COmmerce in Russian Eurasia
Research Abstract: This book-in-progress investigates ethno-national diversity in the trading and entrepreneurial communities of the Russian empire, the controversies it engendered, and its implications for Russia’s socio-political, cultural, and economic development. It covers primarily the imperial period (1700 to 1917), with an epilogue on the Soviet period and beyond. Using a wide range of sources from several major regions of the empire, the book documents conflicts between demands and expectations for ethnic Russian control of the commercial economy on the one hand, and the considerable roles of foreigners and minorities (such as Germans, Jews, Tatars, Greeks, and Armenians) on the other.

Office: W215 Extension: 8357 Email: rpgdetroit68@ias.edu

Israel Gershoni

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Tel Aviv University
Research Field: Middle Eastern History
Project Title: Guardians of Democracy: Egyptian Intellectuals and Parliamentary Government, 1923-1953: Representations, Practices, and Participations.
Research Abstract: The intellectuals' role in the evolution of the Egyptian parliamentary government is a central feature of intellectual and political history of modern Egypt and the Arab Middle East. During the constitutional monarchy 1923-1952, public intellectuals were integral to the genesis of the parliamentary system, its establishment, its institutionalization, and its maintenance. Leading intellectuals served in the elected parliament, led political parties, and were ministers in successive governments. Alongside their participation, they generated a vibrant parliamentary discourse with the view of investing local parliamentary government with theoretical and practical legitimacy. The research proposal is the first to offer a comprehensive examination of the intellectuals' function in the development of parliamentary government and parliamentary politics in Egypt. Using new source material, this study strives to revise the commonly held “narrative of crisis/failure” of parliamentary government by offering a historically grounded portrayal of the intellectuals' concrete contributions to the democratic discourse and parliamentary experiment.

Office: W111 Extension: 8060 Email: gershon@ias.edu

Robert Gerwarth

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: University College Dublin
Research Field: Early 20th Century History of Violence
Project Title: A Global History of Paramilitary Violence, 1917-1923
Research Abstract: My project will investigate the often violent (and sometimes peaceful) paths of global transition from war to “peace” between the beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. It will analyze patterns of violence and non-violence within Europe and colonial contexts from a transnational perspective.

Office: W104 Extension: 8161 Email: gerwarth@ias.edu

Chad Alan Goldberg

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Wisconsin-Madison
Research Field: Sociology
Project Title: Modernity and the Jews in Social Theory
Research Abstract: I am completing a book which compares the meanings conferred upon the Jews and Judaism in three national traditions of sociological theory (French, German, and American) from the mid-nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The book’s thesis is that in all three traditions sociological interest in the Jews stemmed from their symbolic function as a touchstone for defining modernity as well as European and American identities. The book is not only a study of sociological theory but also a historical study in the sociology of ideas.

Office: W112 Extension: 8114 Email: chadgoldberg@ias.edu

Ruth HaCohen

In residence for: Sept. 25-Nov. 22 (Visitor)
Home Institution: Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Research Field: Musicology
Project Title: Un/holy Resonances in and between Christian and Jewish Universes
Research Abstract: Music participates in the shaping of religious communal worlds. Since late Antiquity, Christian and, to a lesser extent, Jewish authorities employed the advantages of organized sound for their religious enterprises, being concomitantly worried about its distractive and disruptive potential. Such manipulations of the aural have usually taken place in terms of its basic modalities: voice, time, mood, taking into account music’s semiotic instability. It attested, as well, to changes in modes of thought and forms of life and worship. During my stay at the Institute I plan to further study the cultural-phenomenological aspects of these aural worlds, their interactions and transformations in certain historical moments, mostly since the beginning of the modern era. I will focus on processes of secularization as they affect interreligious exchanges and the making of modern vocal communities of faith. Connected by variety of historical and theoretical threads, my case studies span from Bach to Hassidic music and from nineteenth century Protestant and Jewish music in Germany to the uses of music in Zionist official and non-official contexts.

Office: B200 Extension: 8361 Email: ruthhacohen@ias.edu

Timothy Harris

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Brown University
Research Field: Early Modern European History
Project Title: The Stuart Kings and the Age of Revolutions
Research Abstract:A study of the revolutionary upheavals in England, Scotland and Ireland in the seventeenth century. It explores why the Stuarts found their multiple kingdom inheritance so difficult to manage and the extent to which this was due to personal failings or underlying structural problems. A thorough-going Britannic history set also in a European and trans-Atlantic context, it draws on a wide range of manuscript and printed sources to examine high and low politics, compliance and resistance, propaganda, spin, and public opinion formation across three kingdoms during this century of revolution.

Office: W209 Extension: 8317 Email: tgharris@ias.edu

Paul Hayward

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Lancaster University
Research Field: Medieval History
Project Title: The Study of the Liturgy and its Influence on European Thought, c. 900-1200
Research Abstract: The aim of this project is to document and explain how and why the history of the liturgy became a theme in world chronicles composed from around the 1060s onwards, chiefly in Germany and England, and to explore the relationship between this phenomenon and the rise of the historical approach to the study of the liturgy, a development associated with the Gregorian reform movement and the writings of Bernold of Constance (d. 1100). One important issue for investigation is what these phenomena say about how historical change and diversity, especially in the sphere of religion and culture, were explained in the high Middle Ages.

Office: F322 Extension: 8338 Email: phayward@ias.edu

Samantha Herrick

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Syracuse University
Research Field: Medieval European History
Project Title: Networks of Shared Imagination: Apostolic Legends of Medieval France
Research Abstract: My research explores historical legends produced over several centuries as communities in medieval France adapted stories already in circulation and claimed them as their own histories. My work investigates these legends both as local products and as the result of distant communities sharing stories. I contend that networks facilitated this sharing and are key to the legends’ production, dissemination, and construction of meaning. By investigating these networks, I shed new light on how medieval communities interacted, how ideas and agendas were shaped and made known, and how information traveled, was preserved, and reused. This research offers a new vision of medieval religious culture and the wider social, political, institutional, and intellectual contexts in which it flourished.

Office: F313 Extension: 8271 Email: sherrick@ias.edu

Susan Huntington

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Ohio State University
Research Field: Art History
Project Title: The Living Buddhist Image and the Relic Tradition
Research Abstract: Puzzled by the absence of anthropomorphic images of the Buddha in the earliest surviving Buddhist art, 19th-century scholars concluded that early Buddhist artists had purposely avoided Buddha images. Figurative imagery of the Buddha, it was believed, was introduced at a late date, a phenomenon hailed as an artistic triumph over the preceding centuries of supposed aniconism. My project re-examines the Buddha image in light of new artistic, textual, religious, and technical research. Building on my work on relic veneration in early Buddhist art, I propose that the Buddha image was not a simple artistic innovation signaling the abandonment of an old trajectory. Rather, the Buddha image reflects the continuation of core relic veneration practices that had been present in Buddhism from its beginning. Understanding this distinction both sharpens our understanding of an important cultural phenomenon and demonstrates the continuing need for a multidisciplinary approach in humanistic studies

Office: F310 Extension: 8328 Email: shuntington@ias.edu

Juliette Kennedy

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Helsinki
Research Field: Philosophy and History of Mathemathematics
Project Title: Decidability in Set Theory
Research Abstract: I am writing a book on the philosophy and history of decidability in set theory in the 20th century, with Kurt Goedel’s philosophy of mathematics and particularly his view of set theoretic independence, as its main point of departure. In addition to its engagement with Goedel’s point of view a substantial part of the book is devoted to contemporary developments in set theory, both philosophical and technical, which grow naturally out of Goedel’s work. There is a divide among set theorists, and philosophers of set theory, at the moment: for some, our field is on the brink of eliminating important instances of set-theoretic independence such as the continuum hypothesis; for others, it is becoming increasingly evident that the independent statements of set theory cannot be regarded as mathematical problems in the usual sense, that is, as problems with a yes or no answer; rather set-theoretic unsolvability is going to become a permanent part of the picture. My book is about this pivotal moment in the history of set theory.

Office: W104 Extension: 8161 Email: jkennedy@ias.edu

Christina Kiaer

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Northwestern University
Research Field: Art History
Project Title: A Biography of the USSR in Pictures: Aleksandr Deineka and the Problem of Socialist Realism
Research Abstract: On the basis of new historical research, my book project will demonstrate how Socialist Realism offered an alternate model of revolutionary cultural practice, rather than functioning always as the regressive, totalitarian other to the heroic Russian avant-garde, and to western modernism. My research takes the highly regarded figurative artist Aleksandr Deineka (1899-1969) as a case study. The span of his work offers a visual biography of the ideal “new Soviet person" born of the October Revolution: he began his career immediately after the revolution, and continued to exhibit into the Brezhnev era. The book aims to develop a post- Cold War model of art history that will be adequate to seeing Socialist Realism as part of the history of modernist revolutionary art, rather than its totalitarian other.

Office: F311 Extension: 8326 Email: ckiaer@ias.edu

Anne Lester

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: University of Colorado at Boulder
Research Field: Medieval History
Project Title: Fragments of Devotion: Relics and Remembrance in the Time of the Fourth Crusade
Research Abstract: In 1204 European crusaders captured the Byzantine city of Constantinople, established a Latin Empire in Greece and in the years that followed French knights sent hundreds of precious objects and relics from Greek treasuries and chapels to their homeland. This study analyzes the movement and meaning of these objects of devotion within the social and familial networks of northern France. Moving beyond a narrative of military events, this book offers a new history of the materiality of crusading, of the role of women and remembrance, and of the changes in religious ideas and practices that the import of eastern relics precipitated. As the crusades failed militarily during the thirteenth century the appropriated fragments of devotion recreated the Holy Land in the religious landscape of France.

Office: F323 Extension: 8348 Email: alester@ias.edu

Brandon Look

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Kentucky
Research Field: History of Modern Philosophy
Project Title: Leibniz, Kant, and the Possibility of Metaphysics
Research Abstract: My project is a study of a crucial aspect of the history of modern philosophy: Immanuel Kant’s reaction to and interpretation of the philosophy of his great rationalist predecessor, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In my book, "Leibniz, Kant, and the Possibility of Metaphysics", I present an examination and critical assessment of Kant’s critique of Leibniz’s metaphysics. I argue that Kant’s case against Leibniz is exaggerated both because Leibniz’s philosophy is more sophisticated than Kant could have known and because Kant’s own positive project is not above reproach. I show that Kant fails to appreciate the subtlety of Leibniz’s account of knowledge and that his criticism of Leibniz’s metaphysics entails problematic conclusions regarding the nature of mind and matter. Insofar as there are no studies of the Leibniz-Kant dynamic per se, my book represents a significant contribution to the studies in the history of philosophy.

Office: W214 Extension: 8347 Email: look@ias.edu

Vasileios Marinis

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Yale University
Research Field: Art and Architectural History
Project Title: Architecture and Ritual in the Medieval Churches of Constantinople (843-1453)
Research Abstract: This book examines the interchange of architecture and ritual in the Middle and Late Byzantine churches of Constantinople (ninth to fifteenth centuries). I make use of archaeological and archival data, hagiographic and historical sources, liturgical texts and commentaries, as well as monastic typika and testaments in order to integrate the architecture of the medieval churches of Constantinople with liturgical and extra-liturgical practices and their continuously evolving social and cultural context.

Office: F301 Extension: 8192 Email: marinis@ias.edu

Louise Marlow

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: Wellesley College
Research Field: Near Eastern History
Project Title: Wisdom and Counsel in a Tenth-century Iranian Society: An early Arabic 'Counsel for kings' and its context.
Research Abstract: My project involves a close reading and contextual study of an Arabic work of advice known under the generic title of ’Counsel for kings’. Although traditionally ascribed to the eleventh-century jurist al-Mawardi, the ’Counsel for kings’ is more likely to have originated a century earlier in the eastern regions of the Iranian Islamic world. My objective is to situate the ’Counsel for kings’ in this distinctive environment and integrate the evidence of the text into the larger framework of early tenth-century eastern Iranian history. Read in conjunction with other sources for the period and region, the text sheds considerable light on the cultural, religious, intellectual and literary history of this eastern Iranian society. Read in conjunction with other examples of early Arabic literature, the text constitutes an essential source for the development of an important form of literary expression.

Office: B202 Extension: 8302 Email: lmarlow@ias.edu

James Matthews

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Unaffiliated
Research Field: Spanish Civil War History
Project Title: "To Arms!" A Comparative study of Republican and Nationalist Volunteer Combatants in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
Research Abstract: My research objective is to expand our understanding of the experience of low-ranking volunteers in the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, in which the Nationalists under General Franco defeated the Republican government and its supporters. I will use comparative history methodology to study the experience of militants who volunteered to fight in the conflict. My research aims to explore how the uprising escalated in the first weeks fuelled by a relatively small number of militants who had internalized one of the competing visions of Spain and were prepared to fight and kill to force their views on their opponents. My investigation will examine volunteers” pre-war politicization, their interpretative frameworks for the conflict and their decisions to become active combatants. To date no work has analyzed volunteer combatants on both sides, even though the initial militia phase of the conflict is vital to understand the subsequent three-year war. Not only did it allow a failed coup to turn into an extended conflict, but it also set up the embellished narratives with which both sides interpreted the civil war.

Office: W105 Extension: 8162 Email: jmatthews@ias.edu

Yair Mintzker

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Princeton University
Research Field: Modern and Early Modern European History
Project Title: The Defortification of the German City, 1689-1866
Research Abstract: The eighteenth-century German city was legally, politically, and culturally defined through its borders: the city walls. While around 1700 practically all German cities were surrounded by a wall, little over a century later very few still had one. The political causes and implications of the dramatic (and often traumatic) demolition of these centuries-old borders in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are the topic of my forthcoming book.

Office: W218 Extension: 8358 Email: mintzker@ias.edu

William Mulligan

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: University College Dublin
Research Field: Modern European History
Project Title: The Bonds of Peace. The Long First World War, 1911-1925
Research Abstract:This project locates the First World War in a narrative that stresses the forging of a more peaceful Europe. In contrast to interpretations, which view the First World War as the ‘seminal catastrophe’ of the twentieth century, the fons et origo of genocide, total war, and forced population transfer, this argument will examine the First World War as a crucible of peace. The argument may sound paradoxical, but it will be developed in several distinctive ways. First, it will argue that the institutions, norms, and structures of the peace order of the nineteenth century collapsed from 1911 onwards, following the Second Moroccan Crisis. However the search for peace, the main preoccupation and register of modern international politics, remained central to the politics of the First World War. By the mid-1920s governments had constructed a stable, if patchwork, peace. Second, many of the political debates, tensions, and conflicts during the period centred on different visions of peace and this book will stress the ambiguous relationship between violence and peace. As David Bell has shown for the French revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, visions of peace could be used to justify extreme violence. The book will examine how proponents of different visions of peace clashed, interacted, and negotiated in order to establish a new peace order by the mid-1920s.

Office: W110 Extension: 8007 Email: wmulligan@ias.edu

Ioannis Mylonopoulos

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Columbia University
Research Field: Classical Archaeology
Project Title: The VIsual Construction of the Divine in Ancient Greece
Research Abstract: Despite forthcoming monographs on epiphany and aniconism, my project “The Visual Construction of the Divine in Ancient Greece’ is the first to deal in depth with the strategies and modes of visualization of the divine in Greek antiquity. So far, the ekphrastic construction of the divine in literature has been intensively studied and in a way over-emphasized. This project critically addresses significant parameters, such as material, size, the style of individual artists, architectural setting, and the embedment of a divine image in a concrete ritual context, which played a possible role in the process of visualizing the divine in ancient Greece. It also examines the countless iconographic “anomalies’ in the visual construction of the divine in order to illustrate that one is actually dealing here with numerous chronologically and culturally different constructions rather than a single process that is wrongly associated with the works of Homer and Hesiod. Also applied to the Greek material will be recent theoretical models for understanding images (e.g. those by scholars, such as Belting, Boehm, Freedberg, Kohl, Mitchell, Sachs-Hombach, or Seel).

Office: W216 Extension: 8356 Email: mylonopoulos@ias.edu

Bilal Orfali

In residence for: year
Home Institution: American University of Beirut (AUB)
Research Field: Islamic History
Project Title: Early Sufi Poetry
Research Abstract: Early Islamic Mysticism has been the subject of a number of scholarly works in the last few decades that have situated Sufism in its proper historical context and significantly advanced understanding of its early period. Surprisingly, however, early Sufi poetry has hardly received attention in modern scholarship, in English or any European or Islamic language. This project aims to remediate this neglect by (1) building a corpus of early Sufi poetry from published and unpublished primary works, (2) providing a detailed examination of the nature and origins of the common motifs of early Sufi poetry in an attempt to link this poetry to other genres of Arabic literature, (3) providing a thorough study of the juxtaposition of prose and poetry in early Sufi akhbār focusing on the usage and significance of the secular and mystical poetry quoted in them.

Office: W203 Extension: 8322 Email: borfali@ias.edu

David Pietz

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Washington State University
Research Field: Modern Chinese History
Project Title: Engineering a State of Nature: Hydraulic Transformations of the Yellow River Valley, 1949-1999
Research Abstract: Lying at the confluence of science and technology studies (STS)and environmental history, the project asks two questions: 1) How was hydraulic engineering in post-1949 China was shaped by, and in turn shaped, state-building, national identity, and pursuit of communist modernity; and 2) How was the ecology of the Yellow River valley was transformed by hydraulic engineering. The research will show that segments of Chinese society indeed subscribed to fundamental twentieth-century conceptions of state, science and technology, and nature reflected in industrialized societies. At the same time, the state’s socio-political values, goals, and institutions generated a particular cultural context of hydraulic engineering in China after 1949.

Office: W103 Extension: 8333 Email: pietz@ias.edu

Francisco Pina Polo

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: Universidad de Zaragoza
Research Field: Ancient History
Project Title: Foreign Clientelae in Western Roman Empire
Research Abstract: More than fifty years have elapsed since the publication of the book Foreign Clientelae (264-70 B.C.), by Ernst Badian, Oxford 1958. Up to the present, this monograph has had a profound influence on the matter of the creation of foreign clientelae in the Roman Empire and their effect on the Roman power structure. Badian reached the conclusion that Roman power over the provinces was based, to a great extent, on the personal links between the local population of the provinces and the generals who represented Rome’s interests in the process of conquest and subjugation of the various territories. These links appear to have been extraordinarily stable and long-lasting because provincials remained loyally attached to the families of those imperatores for generations, even after those families had ceased to have any political relevance in Rome or presence within the province. This long-lasting clientelae network may have served a dual purpose: on the one hand it could have served to underpin Roman dominion in the provinces while on the other hand it may have been a key to the political ascent in Rome of certain individuals who had been particularly successful in creating loyal foreign clientelae, such as Pompey and Caesar. Badian’s premises and theses have been generally accepted in their essential points for decades, as well as his methodology in the identification of foreign clientelae. From a critical point of view, my project intends to study foreign clientelae in the Western Roman Empire (in particular in Hispania) between the end of the third century B.C. and the beginning of the Principate. I intend to identify the possible existing clientelae on these territories; to study their role as a link between Rome and the provinces as well as between certain Roman politicians and the inhabitants of the provinces; their relevance as a means of integrating the provinces into the Empire and their alleged significance as a support structure for certain Roman politicians to get hold of power. It is clear that foreign clientelae existed, as attested to by ancient sources. My starting point, however, is that the number of foreign clients must have been reduced and therefore foreign clientelae may not be perceived, as Badian did, as the foundation of Roman dominance. Similarly, it is crucial to thoroughly question the influence that foreign clientelae may have had on Rome’s political scene. Clearly, this starting point involves also a critical revision of the methodology followed by Badian in the identification of foreign clientelae.

Office: W224 Extension: 8363 Email: franpina@ias.edu

Kenneth Pomeranz

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of California Irvine
Research Field: Chinese History
Project Title: Why is China So Big? Historical Paths to the Taken for Granted
Research Abstract: My book asks why of humanity has so often had a single state, which has tended to grow. Part One argues that northern defense required access to Yangzi Valley resources; once achieved, this eased fiscal pressures, changed state- society relations, and shifted statecraft towards avoiding rebellion. Part Two looks at land tenure, trade, migration, and frontier policy, arguing for patterns of interdependence that made disunity unstable. This system, like the statecraft of Part One, broke down ca. 1800, but was recreated in new ways under Mao, and is being re-configured again today. Part Three looks at culture, especially religion, arguing that distinctive kinds of patronage and a “civilizing (later “modernizing”) mission have made local and “national” loyalties mutually reinforcing.

Office: W224 Extension: 8363 Email: kpomeranz@ias.edu

Adele Reinhartz

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Ottawa
Research Field: Classics and Religious Studies
Project Title: The Gospel of John and the Parting of the Ways
Research Abstract: The question of when and how the Jesus movement – one Jewish group among many – became a separate and distinct set of institutions, communities, beliefs and practices is perhaps the most contentious issue in the study of early Christianity. Until the latter part of the twentieth century, the so-called parting of the ways was most often dated to the period between the first and second Jewish revolts against Rome, approximately 70 to 135 CE. In the past decade, however, this view has been challenged by scholars who argue that firm boundaries between Judaism and Christianity were not drawn until the fourth century CE when the Roman emperor Constantine endorsed Christianity and transformed it into a form of imperial Roman culture. A key text in this debate is the Gospel of John. The Gospel of John testifies both to the tension between Jesus' followers and detractors, and to the ongoing centrality of Jewish beliefs, practices, texts, and institutions for Christ-believers. For this reason it is regularly brought in to support both sides of the debate. The proposed project will provide the first detailed examination of the Gospel's role in the current discussion, and develop a new hypothesis: that the Gospel does not reflect a parting of the ways that has already taken place in the past but rather aims to produce such a separation. The study will result in a book entitled The Gospel of John and the Parting of the Ways, which is under firm contract with Fortress Press (scheduled to appear in 2013).

Office: W220 Extension: 8360 Email: areinhartz@ias.edu

Gil Renberg

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Arizona
Research Field: Ancient History, Ancient Religion
Project Title: "Commanded by the Gods": Dreams and Divination in the Greco-Roman Epigraphical Record
Research Abstract: These two related book projects, entitled “And the Goddess Told Me in a Dream...” A Catalog of Greek and Latin Inscriptions Recording Divine Communications, and “Commanded by the Gods”: Dreams and Divination in the Greco-Roman Epigraphical Record, involve producing the first catalog and comprehensive study, respectively, of the more than 1300 Greek and Latin dedications that bear inscriptions recording that a worshiper had acted in compliance with a divine communication received through a dream or some other medium, or even a waking encounter with a god. Such inscriptions provide an important but largely untapped source of information for the religious beliefs, practices and personal religious experiences of ordinary Greeks and Romans. Since such phenomena are also evident in the Ancient Near East and Pharaonic Egypt, as well as within early Judaism, Christianity and Islam, these works will benefit scholars of religion in a number of fields beyond Classics.

Office: W217 Extension: 8362 Email: renberg@ias.edu

Matthias Richter

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Colorado at Boulder
Research Field: Chinese Studies
Project Title: Reincarnating the Disembodied Text
Research Abstract: At the IAS I intend to write my second monograph, titled “Reincarnating the disembodied text: Textual identity in early China as reflected in newly discovered manuscripts” and centered on the study of Chinese manuscripts dating from the 4th to 2nd c. BCE. My study will emphasize the information encoded in the materiality of these manuscripts, rather than interpreting the manuscripts as mere carriers of abstract texts, and will thus show that the manuscripts reflect a greater diversity of texts and different social uses of them than has hitherto been generally assumed.

Office: W108 Extension: 8165 Email: mlrichter@ias.edu

Vimalin Rujivacharakul

In residence for: year
Home Institution: University of Delaware
Research Field: East Asian Studies/Art History
Project Title: East of the Orient, West of the Ocean: Itō Chūta's Pictorial Diaries and Architectural Rhetoric of the World
Research Abstract: My project examines world architectural history at the crossroads of intellectual history and architectural history. My focus is on Itō Chūta (1867-1954), an architectural professor at the Imperial University of Tokyo, and his pictorial diaries. In 1902, Itō launched a three-year trip to explore the architecture around the world. Upon his return, he began promoting the study of World Architecture and Asian Architecture, whose concepts he defined according to his observations during fieldtrips and his revisions of European writings. East Asian scholars often treat Itō’s writings as nationalist attempts to counter-balance European supremacy with Asian heritage. However, my close examination of his research, particularly the pictorial diaries he completed during his trip, reveals that Itō went beyond mere nationalism, for he actually endeavored to draw a new map of world architecture by removing Europe from the center and re-defining Eurasia. My project thus proposes a critical reading into Itō’s works, which challenge existing discourses of world architecture, and also introduces a major intellectual figure in East Asia to the architectural history field at large. Furthermore, by juxtaposing Itō’s writings with his drawings in order to closely examine his thinking, my project also ultimately calls for a reexamination of the role of visual narrative in the study of architectural historiography and intellectual history.

Office: F303 Extension: 8272 Email: vrujivachara@ias.edu

Behnam Sadeghi

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Stanford University
Research Field: Islamic Studies
Project Title: Women and the Public Space in the Early Islam: Diversity and Evolution in the First 150 Years
Research Abstract: The book is a study of the ideas in early Islamic society about women’s place in the public space. The case studies concern women’s participation in prayers, their attendance at funerals, their use of public baths, their traveling alone, and ritual purity and menstruation. The book examines the distribution of ideas in different places (namely Kufa, Basra, Syria, Mecca, Medina, and Egypt) and it shows how ideas changed over time. The project accomplishes three things: First, it describes who believed what where and when, analyzing geographical and temporal patterns. Second, it addresses problems of historical causation, for example the reasons why some ideas were forgotten while others came to be incorporated into the classical schools of Islamic law. Third, it contributes new methods of studying the literary sources for the first century of Islam.

Office: B103 Extension: 8384 Email: behs@ias.edu

Charles Sanft

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: University of Muenster
Research Field: Chinese History
Project Title: Communication and Cooperation in the Early Imperial China
Research Abstract: In this project, I treat communication as a part of governance in China during the early imperial period comprising the Qin and Western Han dynasties. I use transmitted texts, paleographic materials, and archaeological research to demonstrate how central authorities created knowledge of the polity and its government among members of all social classes across the whole of their territory. Based on interdisciplinary theory developed by researchers in anthropology, economics, evolutionary psychology, and other fields, I argue that this was driven by the need for cooperation and integration at the level of the unified empire. My perspective differs from that of researchers who view governance in early China as an exclusively or nearly exclusively coercive affair, and thus overlook or underestimate the important role the common population played in governance. I want to show that the common people mattered, and historical records of the time show those in power knew it. At the same time, my arguments challenge those who hold the imperial government could not reach the lowest levels of society. I show the central authorities in fact did so, although the messages sent were attenuated.

Office: W110 Extension: 8007 Email: sanft@ias.edu

Mitra Sharafi

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: University of Wisconsin
Research Field: History of Law and Medicine in South Asia
Project Title: Medical Jurisprudence in Colonial India
Research Abstract: This book project uses the largely untold history of medical jurisprudence in colonial India to explore the themes of truth and trust in empire. Medical jurisprudence was an extensive body of knowledge and practice from the 1850s on. It was expected to reduce courts’ dependence upon South Asian witness testimony, and to teach Indians rule-of-law and western scientific values. However, the absence of medical consensus among experts, the interference with medical evidence by British officials for political purposes, and the lack of knowledge about indigenous toxicological practices and pharmacopeia undermined the field’s credibility. The late colonial rise of Indians as medico-legal experts also thwarted the aspiration to reduce reliance upon South Asians in the legal system.

Office: W101 Extension: 8177 Email: msharafi@ias.edu

W. Anthony Sheppard

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Williams College
Research Field: Musicology
Project Title: The Performer's Voice: Timbre and Expression in twentieth-Century Vocal Music
Research Abstract: When we encounter the human voice our perception of meaning is shaped fundamentally by the tone color, or timbre of that vocal sound. Timbre is central to the experience of all music. Yet, timbre is not commonly discussed in detail since our vocabulary for describing this musical element is limited. The exploration of timbral possibilities in all forms of vocal music throughout the 20th century was particularly far reaching. I will investigate how composers and performers of vocal music wielded timbre as a tool of expression. This historical study will be based on analysis and comparison between art and popular examples and on cross-cultural parallels. Musicians explored the continuum between speech and song, employed nonverbal sounds and experimental techniques, and enlisted technology to create virtual voices. By listening intently to these voices and tracing the historical development of vocal music in the past century, I hope to develop new approaches to studying the role of musical timbre more generally.

Office: W222 Extension: 8304 Email: washeppard@ias.edu

Maria Stavrinaki

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: Université Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne
Research Field: History of Art
Project Title: "The Nightmare of History." Mimetic Technologies and Asynchronous Temporalities in the Avant-garde, 1910-1938
Research Abstract: “The tradition of the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the minds of the living,” wrote Marx, either because people do not dare to break free from history’s paralyzing powers, or because they make use of its heroic moments to enhance their present struggle for freedom. When the First World War will have transformed utopia into a field of ruins, James Joyce and Carl Einstein will draw on the “nightmare of history” metaphor to underpin asynchronous temporalities, which they linked to the multiplication of modern subjectivities and to the crisis of the status of the work of art. Dadaist “presentism”; “historical simultaneism” espoused by Picasso and De Chirico in the interwar period; the idea of a “time running backwards” characterizing both the “urban primitivism" of the Futurists and Vorticists, and the “prehistoric modernity" of Parisian Surrealism: these “moments” all share the same rejection of imitation of the past in favor of an asynchronous and layered conception of time, which calls for a new kind of mimesis. History was understood up until then in terms of accumulation, of repetition, of the mortification of the living by means of the very afterlife they afforded to the dead. But the tension between the ontology of the sovereign subject and the regime of reproducibility of modern times undermined such a conception of automatic history. This inertia of history was bound up with aesthetic imitation and its formal devices and was equivalent to capitalist exploitation and to parliamentary democracy—a regime of re-presentation. These artists transformed this “nightmare’ into the very materials of their works, thereby subverting its dynamics and reconfiguring its constitutive elements. Reproducibility (of media, of the present, of historical periods, of the subject itself) became a stage for multiple artistic practices. I would like to explore the temporal regimes sustained by these practices in Europe, from the eve of the First World War to the dawn of the Second: a period in which these temporal regimes were sometimes politically open, born from the need to shatter the continuum of history, oftentimes reactionary, insofar as they sought refuge in the timelessness of myths, and sometimes obstinately ambivalent, as they oscillated between these two aforementioned positions.

Office: F304 Extension: 8173 Email: mas@ias.edu

Christopher Stray

In residence for: second term
Home Institution: Swansea University
Research Field: Classics, History of Scholarship
Project Title: 'Liddell and Scott': The History of a Book
Research Abstract: A study of the history of a book: Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon, the best-known work of its kind since its first edition was published in 1843. I plan to provide a comprehensive account which integrates the social, cultural and institutional contexts of the book’s publication, the lexicographical, commercial and technological dynamics of its revision (9 editions so far, a 10th, online, to come), and its reception and use by academics, schoolteachers and pupils. My wider aim is to encourage interaction between historians of books and of classical scholarship.

Office: W219 Extension: 8359 Email: cstray@ias.edu

Nicola Suthor

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
Research Field: Art History
Project Title: A Revision of the So-Called "Non FInito" in the Late Titian and Rembrandt
Research Abstract: Rembrandt’s daubing or smearing, his kladdery (one of the pejorative terms of contemporary art critics), as suggested often, reduced art-historically to the simple formula of the non-finito, has been consistently and correctly understood as a logical continuation of the way of painting evident in late Titian, thus brought into a single historical line with it. The connection has been drawn only superficially as being self-evident under the headword “visible brushstroke”. The art historical research dealt mostly with iconographical motifs that the Dutch adopted from the Venetians. But what is lacking is the investigation of the transfer and transformation of the pictorial vocabulary and practice.

Office: F320 Extension: 8315 Email: suthor@ias.edu

Bella Tendler

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Princeton University
Research Field: Islamic Studies
Research Abstract: Research Assistant to Professor Patricia Crone. I am interested in Islamic heterodoxy and my current researh focuses on secrecy, esotericism and initiation among the Nusayri-Alawis of Syria. In the coming year will study the survival of libertine and antinomian rites in some Nusayri communities of the nineteenth century.

Office: B204 Extension: 8346 Email: btendler@ias.edu

Stephen Tracy

In residence for: long-term visitor
Home Institution: American School of Classical Studies at Athens
Research Field: Greek History and Epigraphy
Project Title: Greek epigraphy, Hellenistic history, Greek and Latin epic poetry
Research Abstract: I am currently preparing a new edition of the decrees of Attica of the years 229 to 168 BCE for Inscriptiones Graecae in Berlin and working on a study of Athenian inscribers of the first half of the fourth century BCE

Office: B100 Extension: 8340 Email: stracy@ias.edu

Ping Wang

In residence for: year
Home Institution: Princeton University
Research Field: Early and Medieval Chinese Literature
Project Title: Ascending High and Gazing Far: Expressions of Time in Denggao Poetry
Research Abstract: This study examines the concept and expressions of time in classical Chinese literature by focusing on a type of poetry called denggao or “ascending/climbing to a higher place.” Research on classical Chinese poetry has not adopted the perspective of time, and there have not been substantive studies on denggao poetry, which is a familiar phenomenon in the literary tradition. I am in the process of preparing a historical survey of all denggao poetry from early and medieval times, that is, from 11th century BCE to 9th century CE. My work consists of three parts. The first part is a discussion the historical, literary, and philosophical meaning of denggao and how this practice is represented in poetic writing. A working definition of denggao poetry will be reached through comparing and contrasting this new category with the traditional category of shanshui shi or landscape poetry, under which it is often subsumed, and a few other classifications in which denggao pieces are occasionally found, such as youlan shi or travel poetry, youxian shi or seeking immortality, yongshi shi or lamenting history. I will argue for the usefulness of establishing denggao as a separate category and how it stands out as a subgenre of literary composition. The second part of my study is to construct a database of denggao poems written up to the end of the Tang and group them according to their conception and expression of time. The third part is to translate, annotate, and interpret representative pieces from each type, and examine the significance of expressions of time in reading denggao poetry.

Office: W107 Extension: 8164 Email: pingwang@ias.edu

Joan Westenholz

In residence for: year
Home Institution: New York University
Research Field: Ancient Near East
Project Title: "The Measure of Man": The Perception of the Human Body in Ancient Mesopotamia
Research Abstract: This research is being undertaken in order to deduce the anatomical knowledge of the ancient Mesopotamians and to understand the essential nature of the corporeal human body in Mesopotamian thought. It focuses on a unique anatomical lexical series, a compendium enumerating all known parts of the human anatomy as well as the fundamental characteristics of the human condition. Proceeding from this starting point, I hope to analyze the primary whole body as a unit juxtaposed to its subdivision into constituent components, both on the physical level, the realm of realia, and on the semantic level, the meta-level of cognitive associations.

Office: W226 Extension: 8345 Email: jgwestenholz@ias.edu

Christopher Wood

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: Yale University
Research Field: History of Art
Project Title: The Embedded Portrait, 1200-1700
Research Abstract: To integrate a portrait of a living person into the depiction of a sacred event, for example the Nativity of Christ or the Lamentation, is to import a familiar cotenant of the shared life-world into a virtual space occupied by heavenly beings or remote historical events. Sometimes the portrayed modern person actually masquerades as a sacred personage. Such a portrait invited the real inside the borders of the sacred picture. The embedded portrait is introduced into depicted space in the thirteenth century and disappears by the eighteenth. The embedded portrait thus bridges middle ages and Renaissance and challenges all prevailing narratives of European art. This is a major phenomenon in European painting but it has never been addressed head-on. The analysis will move back and forth between the real historical interactions among people, gods, and things that formed the matrix of art, and the pictures themselves, which modeled such interactions. The project will coordinate interpretation of paintings with testimonies from a wide archive embracing documentary as well as literary and quasi-literary texts.

Office: F323 Extension: 8348 Email: cwood@ias.edu

Marjorie Woods

In residence for: year
Home Institution: The University of Texas at Austin
Research Field: Medieval Studies
Project Title: Weeping for Dido: Male Writers and Female Emotions in the Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Classroom
Research Abstract: The practice of assigning schoolboys to write speeches from the point of view of highly emotional female characters dates back to classical antiquity and lasted until the early modern era in western Europe. I propose to explore the ramifications of such exercises by analyzing teachers’ notes in the margins of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century manuscripts of two widely taught classical texts, to determine how female characters were studied, interpreted, sympathetically assimilated, and performed in the all-male classrooms. This will provide novel and surprising insights into the High Middle Ages, and elucidate more general issues of gender, emotions, creativity, rhetoric, and performance.

Office: F321 Extension: 8160 Email: jorie@ias.edu

Andrea Worm

In residence for: first term
Home Institution: University of Augsburg
Research Field: Art History, Visual Studies
Project Title: “Historiograms”, The Visualization of Time, History and Geography in Universal Chronicles of the Early Modern Period
Research Abstract: Concepts of history and time, especially the reciprocal relationship between time perceived and represented in space and space as defined and transformed by time, are central concerns of this study. Taking as my focal point four early printed universal chronicles of the late fifteenth century – the Fasciculus Temporum (1474), the Rudimentum Novitiorum (1475), its French adaptation Mer des Hystoires (1488), and Hartmann Schedel’s Liber Chronicarum (1493) – I examine how chroniclers on the threshold of the early modern period rendered time, history, and geography as visual categories. Characteristic for these chronicles is a strong visual approach: they all take the form of genealogical history diagrams, and thus shall be described as “historiograms”, to mark them as a historiographic genre in their own right and distinguish them from other chronicles. They are richly reflective of the intellectual, social, and religious world view at the time of the fifteenth century. At the same time, the reveal at type of spatial presentation that unfolds the past in a way which enables the transcendence of historical narrative: historiograms allowed the viewer to perceive history simultaneously in a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The study will result in a book and take into account the historiographical concept of these chronicles, questions of authorship and audience, the way chronology and chronography are dealt with (time as space) and the placement of historical information within the historical account; finally the dissemination and impact of these chronicles, which are among the most frequently printed books in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and of the utmost importance for our understanding of concepts of space and time in that period and beyond.

Office: F304 Extension: 8362 Email: aworm@ias.edu